{"id":131,"date":"2019-08-22T07:53:30","date_gmt":"2019-08-22T07:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/?page_id=131"},"modified":"2019-09-08T14:49:22","modified_gmt":"2019-09-08T14:49:22","slug":"comparative-study-of-major-religions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/?page_id=131","title":{"rendered":"Comparative Study of Major Religions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PAPER: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MAJOR RELIGIONS (100 MARKS)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


(Alternative Paper in Lieu of the Compulsory Islamic Studies)
I. Introduction<\/strong>
\uf0a7 Definition(s) of religion
\uf0a7 Emergence of the study of religion as a discipline
\uf0a7 Theological and academic study of religion
\uf0a7 An overview of religious landscape of the World
II. Hinduism<\/strong>
\uf0a7 Historical Background
Indus valley civilization, Aryan invasion theory, Vedic Dharma, Brahmanism
\uf0a7 Scriptures:
Sruti: Vedas, Upanishads, Smirti: Manu Smirti, Sutras, Puranas, Great epics: Ramayana, Mahabharata
\uf0a7 Hindu Doctrines:
Dharma, Vedanta, Karma, Transmigration of Souls, Moksha (Liberation)
\uf0a7 Ways to Liberation:
Karma marga (Works\/Rituals), Jnana marga (Wisdom), Bhakti marga (Devotion)
\uf0a7 Hindu gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Trimurti, other gods and divinities
\uf0a7 Major Hindu Sects:
Vaishavism (Manifestation avatars), Saivism (Supreme God & Phallic worship), Saktism (Goddess worship)
\uf0a7 Hindu society:
Caste System, Ashramas (Stages of life)
\uf0a7 Hinduism in the Modern World 19th century reform and revival movements, Contemporary Hindu Tendencies and movements
III. Buddhism<\/strong>
\uf0a7 Historical Background
Life of Gautama Buddha, Formation and spread of Buddhism, Rivalry between Brahmanism and &Buddhism
\uf0a7 Scriptures:
Tripitaka: Sutta Pitaka, Vinaya Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka
\uf0a7 Teachings and Doctrines
Three Jewels of Buddhism: Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha, The four noble truths, Eight fold Path
\uf0a7 Buddhist Sects:
Theravadas (Hinayana), Mahayana, other schools and sects
\uf0a7 Buddhism in the Modern world Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination
IV. Judaism<\/strong>
\uf0a7 A brief history of Jews and Judaism:
From Abraham to Moses, peace be upon them all, From Moses to establishment of Jewish rule, Destruction of Jerusalem and dispersion of Jews in the world,
\uf0a7 Jewish Scriptures:
Tanakh (The Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings), Mishnah and Talmud
\uf0a7 Articles of faith and basic teachings:
Ten Commandments, The thirteen principles of faith propounded by Moses Maimonides (1138-1204)
\uf0a7 Jewish holidays and festivals:
Yom Kippur (The Day of Atonement), Pesach (Passover), Sukkot (Tabernacles) Purim
\uf0a7 Jewish Worship: Daily prayer, fasting, Sabbath
\uf0a7 Jewish sects and movements
Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism, Reform Judaism, Zionism, Kabbalah, Hasidism
V. Christianity<\/strong>
\uf0a7 Historical background:
Jewish background of Christianity, Life and of Jesus Christ (Through the Four Gospels), Life and the role of Paul (Through the Letters of Paul), Formation and spread of the Christian Church, Christianization of the Roman Empire, Reform movement
\uf0a7 Scriptures:
The Holy Bible (Old Testament and New Testament)
\uf0a7 Basic Doctrines:
Original Sin, Incarnation of God, Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, Atonement, Trinity
\uf0a7 Christian Sects:
Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism Sub-denominations: Lutherans, Reformed and Presbyterians, Anglicans, Baptists, Methodists, Unitarians
\uf0a7 Christian Festivals and Holidays:
Advent, Christmas, Easter, Pentecost
\uf0a7 Christian worship and Sacraments
Baptism, Eucharist, Communion, Lord\u2019s Supper, prayer, fasting, psalms, music,
\uf0a7 Christianity in the Modern Times
Encounter with modernity, modern theological trends, Missionary movement, Dialogue and relationship with other religions
VI. Islam<\/strong>
\uf0a7 Introduction and Historical Background
Islamic concept of religion, universality of religion and diversity of shari\u2018ahs, Sirah (Life) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, The era of rightly guided caliphs of Islam

\uf0a7 Sacred Scriptures:
The Holy Quran, Hadith
\uf0a7 Basic Doctrines and Creed:
Tawhid (Oneness of God), Risalah (Belief in Prophets and finality of the prophet-hood with the Prophet Muhammad), Akhirah (Belief in Hereafter and the final reckoning by Allah the Almighty), Belief in angels, previous scriptures, predestination and human responsibility before God, infallibility of the Quran
\uf0a7 Five Pillars of Islam:
Utterance of Shahadatayn (To proclaim the Oneness of Allah and that Prophet Muhammad is his messenger, salah (five daily prayers), zakah (compulsory charity), sawm (fasting in the month of Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah who can afford travelling to it)
\uf0a7 Other Teachings of Islam
Equality of mankind, simplicity, spiritual purity and bodily hygiene, patience, contentment, moderation, social justice, Jihad, tolerance towards other religions,
\uf0a7 Sects and Schools
Sunnis (mainstream Muslims), Shi\u2018ahs (Special devotion for Hazrat Ali and Family of the Prophet), Khawarij (literalists), Mu\u2018tazilah (rationalists)
\uf0a7 Contemporary Islamic movements and tendencies:
Ikwan al Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood), Jama\u2018at-i-Islami, Tablighi Jama\u2018at, Salafi movement, Fethullah Gulen movement in Turkey, Iranian revolution, extremist groups.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PAPER: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MAJOR RELIGIONS (100 MARKS) (Alternative Paper in Lieu of the Compulsory Islamic Studies) I. Introduction \uf0a7 Definition(s) of religion \uf0a7 Emergence of the study of religion as a discipline \uf0a7 Theological and academic study of religion \uf0a7 An overview of religious landscape of the World II. Hinduism \uf0a7 Historical Background Indus…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-131","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":211,"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131\/revisions\/211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/e-academy.com.pk\/cms\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}